ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 3540

DISACCHARIDES

POLYSACCHARIDES

DISACCARIDES

SUCROSE

LACTOSE

POLYSACCARIDES

STARCH (RESERVE PLANT CARBOHYDRATE)

STARCH + H₃O⁺ --> GLUCOSE (MONOSACCHARIDE)

STARCH + H₃O⁺ --> MALTOSE (DISACCHARIDE)

STARCH + AMYLASE --> SOME MALTOSE

STARCH + H₂O, HEAT --> TWO FRACTIONS

• SUSPENDED FRACTION (SOLUBLE?), AMYLOSE, MW = 20,000-225,000

• INSOLUBLE FRACTION, AMYLOPECTIN, MW = 200,000 - 1,000,000

AMYLOSE + AMYLASE --> ALMOST ALL MALTOSE

AMYLOPECTIN + AMYLASE --> VERY LITTLE MALTOSE

GLYCOGEN (RESERVE ANIMAL CARBOHYDRATE) IS SIMILIAR TO AMYLOPECTIN

CELLULOSE (PLANT SKELETAL MATERIAL)

CELLULOSE + H₃O⁺ --> GLUCOSE (MONOSACCHARIDE)

CELLULOSE + H₃O⁺ --> CELLOBIOSE (DISACCHARIDE)

CELLULOSE + AMYLASE --> NO REACTION

CELLULOSE + TERMITES, RUMINANTS --> GLUCOSE

MALTOSE + H₃O⁺ (OR MALTASE) --> 2 GLUCOSE

CELLOBIOSE + H₃O⁺ --> 2 GLUCOSE

CELLOBIOSE + MALTASE --> NO REACTION

DISACCHARIDE STRUCTURES

POLYSACCHARIDE STRUCTURES

CELLULOSE - POLYHYDROXY POLYMER

CELLULOSE + HNO₃ --> NITRATE ESTERS

LIMITED - CELLULOID

EXTENSIVE - GUN COTTON

CELLULOSE + ACETIC ANHYDRIDE --> CELLULOSE ACETATE

ACETATE FIBERS, PHOTO FILM

XANTHATES