ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 3540

**CARBONYL COMPOUNDS**

TYPES OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

NATURE OF THE CARBONYL GROUP

*ALDEHYDES & KETONES*

NOMENCLATURE

PREPARATIONS AND REACTIONS

TYPES OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS.

PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT GROUP!

BASICALLY TWO TYPES BASED ON REACTIVITY:

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES HAVE ONLY H AND/OR C ATTACHED TO CARBONYL GROUP!

VERY POOR LEAVING GROUPS.

REST HAVE O, N, OR X ATTACHED TO CARBONYL GROUP!

BETTER LEAVING GROUPS.

NATURE OF THE CARBONYL GROUP.

TYPES OF CARBONYL REACTIONS.

ALDEHYDE NOMENCLATURE

1. COMMON NAME (PREFIX + ALDEHYDE) {PROPIONALDEHYDE}

2. SYSTEMATIC NAME (DROP (E) & ADD (AL)) {HEXANAL}

(C=O CARBON IS #1)

3. COMPLEX COMPOUNDS (ALKANE + CARBALDEHYDE) {CYCLOHEXANECARBALDEHYDE}

EXAMPLES.

KETONE NOMENCLATURE

1. COMMON NAME (ALKYL + ALKYL + KETONE) {METHYL PROPYL KETONE}

2. SYSTEMATIC NAME (DROP (E) & ADD (ONE)) {2-PENTANONE}

3. AROMATIC KETONES (PREFIX + PHENONE) {PROPIOPHENONE}

4. VERY COMPLEX ( =O AS SUBSTITUENT, OXO) {3-OXOPROPANOIC ACID}

EXAMPLES.

PREPARATION OF ALDEHYDES

PCC OXIDATION OF 1^o ALCOHOLS

PREPARATION OF KETONES

OXIDATION OF 2^o ALCOHOLS

HYDRATION OF TERMINAL ALKYNES

FRIEDEL-CRAFTS ACYLATION OF AROMATICS

REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

OXIDATION.

DEMONSTRATION.

NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITIONS.