ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 354

ALKYL HALIDES

NOMENCLATURE

STRUCTURE

PREPARATION

REACTIONS

NOMENCLATURE

COMMON NAMES

    METHYL CHLORIDE, CH3Cl

    ETHYL IODIDE, CH3CH2I

    t-BUTYL BROMIDE, (CH3)3CBr

    METHYLENE CHLORIDE, CH2Cl2

    CHLOROFORM, CHCl3

    CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, CCl4

    CYCLOPROPYL BROMIDE

IUPAC NAMES

    CHLOROMETHANE, CH3Cl

    IODOETHANE, CH3CH2I

    2-BROMO-2-METHYLPROPANE, (CH3)3CBr

    1,1-DICHLOROMETHANE, CH2Cl2

    1,1,1-TRICHLOROMETHANE, CHCl3

    1,1,1,1-TETRACHLOROMETHANE, CCl4

    BROMOCYCLOPROPANE

    5-BROMO-2,4-DIMETHYLHEPTANE

    1-BROMO-3-CHLORO-4-METHYLPENTANE

    2-BROMO-5-METHYLHEXANE

STRUCTURE

sp3, TETRAHEDRAL

POLAR

WATER SOLUBILITY LIKE ALKANES

PREPARATION

ADD HX TO ALKENES

ADD X2 TO ALKENES

FREE RADICAL HALOGENATION OF ALKANES

    NEED HEAT OR LIGHT!

    CH4 + Cl2 ---> CH3Cl + HCl

    MECHANISM INVOLVES

      INITIATION

      PROPAGATION

      TERMINATION

    PROBLEMS: ALSO GET:

    WHY IS: 3o : 2o : 1o ::: 5.0 : 3.5 : 1.0??

      SAME ORDER AS RADICAL STABILITY!

FROM ALCOHOLS

REACTIONS - FORMATION OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS

ORGANOMETALLICS

PREPARATION

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