PLATTEVILLE - The man told the crowd to partner up. He asked one to ball their hand into a fist and the other to open it. With little hesitation, hundreds in the audience turned toward their partners and latched onto their clenched fists, twisting and pulling and making their faces red trying to wrestle the clamped hand open.
With an unassuming voice, the man again addressed the crowd, "Now how many of you asked the other person to open the fist?"
As our world is consumed by violence on an international scale, so too violence dominates our everyday lives. This was the message Arun Gandhi, grandson of the famous twentieth century Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi, brought to the University of Wisconsin-Platteville as Pioneer Distinguished Lecturer March 24.
Arun Gandhi, director of the M.K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence, is attempting to further an interpretation of his grandfather's ideas, updated for the modern age. At the core of the philosophy is a rejection of the culture of violence, which seemingly dominates our world, through personal change.
"By allowing ourselves to be dominated by violence, we allow all the negatives to emerge. We need to channel that anger into positive energy," Gandhi said. "We are told if somebody slaps you, you are supposed to slap them back. But an eye for an eye only makes the whole world blind."
Gandhi compared anger to electricity, saying when used intelligently it can be quite useful, but when used recklessly, it destroys. He lamented the escalation of violence between Israelis and Palestinians, questioned U.S. reactions toward the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and called President Bush's implementation of war on terror an "act of revenge."
"Waging a war I don't think is the right answer," Gandhi said. "Revenge is not justice. We are killing thousands and thousands of innocent people. They get angry when people die, just as we get angry when people die.
"We have demonstrated to the world we are a superpower in terms of military strength. We need to demonstrate we are a superpower in term of moral strength," he said. "When you counter violence with violence, you only increase the violence and you don't really solve the issue."
During a question and answer period that followed the speech, one audience member challenged Gandhi's objection to the Hussein disposition, and Gandhi conceded that a cultural shift toward nonviolence wouldn't happen overnight.
"But unless we remove ourselves of that fear and remove this culture of violence and replace it with a culture of nonviolence, we will never be truly liberated," Gandhi replied.
Arun Gandhi founded the M.K. Institute for Nonviolence in 1991 at Christian Brothers University in Memphis, Tenn. His philosophy does allow some room for some kinds of violence that may be necessary or "appropriate," such as acts committed spontaneously in self-defense.
But for Gandhi, true peace isn't simply the absence of war or hostilities. As he learned from his grandfather, violence takes multiple forms. Arun Gandhi noted the symbiotic nature of humanity, and said that small actions that most people don't consider have consequences for others.
He remembers throwing away a pencil as a youth, and his grandfather making him search in the dark for hours to find that pencil which could still be used. Mohandas Gandhi taught his grandson about the world's limited natural resources, and explained that wasting those resources was an assault on those in need, an act among those he termed "passive violence."
"Passive violence fuels the fire of physical violence," Arun Gandhi said.
Amid a teenage life where Gandhi shunned the legacy of his famous family, his father sent him to live in India with grandfather, popularly known as the Mahatma, or "great soul." Although Arun Gandhi only lived with the famous Indian leader for slightly more than a year, for Arun it was a life-changing experience.
He has championed non-violence ever since, attempting to further the work that was begun by his grandfather and utilized by others such as Martin Luther King Jr. With all of the turmoil in the world today, Gandhi's theories of nonviolence may be more important that ever.
"I think all of us need to become the change we wish to see in the world," Gandhi said. "Unless we become the change, we can't expect the government to change."
Those interested in learning more about the M.K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence, can visit the website (http://www.gandhiinstitute.org).