Note: For reference in planning a major/minor, appropriate advanced courses are marked with a (B) for Botany, (F) for Field, (G) for General, or (Z) for Zoology.

BIOLOGY 1150 5 credits
General Biology
The fundamental features of living organisms; cell and tissue structure, growth, basic physiological processes, reproduction and inheritance, classification, ecology, and evolution. Lectures and laboratory. Not required nor counted toward a major or a minor in biology. GE: NS. F, S, Su

BIOLOGY 1350 5 credits
General Botany
Structures and functions of principal groups of plants and plant like organisms; their ecological and phylogenetic relationships. Lectures, discussion and laboratory. GE: NS. F, S, Su

BIOLOGY 1450 5 credits
General Zoology
The principles of the evolution and ecology of animals as studied through the structures and functions of the major groups. Lectures, discussion and laboratory. GE: NS. F, S

BIOLOGY 1540 4 credits
Human Biology
A general study of human anatomy and physiology with emphasis on environmental and job-related factors in health and disease. Lectures and laboratory. Not required nor counted toward a major or minor in biology. GE: NS. S

BIOLOGY 2040 4 credits
Cell Biology (G)
Organization of cells and their components; analysis of light and electron microscopy of cytoplasmic and nuclear components of the cell and their relation to heredity, physiology, reproduction and development. P: BIOLOGY 1350 and BIOLOGY 1450 and one semester of chemistry. F, S

BIOLOGY 2130 3 credits
Plants and Society (B)
A global exploration of plants and their uses by humans from historical, cultural, economic, and botanical perspectives. P: BIOLOGY 1150 or BIOLOGY 1350 or consent of instructor. Recommended BIOLOGY 1450 and one semester of chemistry. GE: IE. Every odd spring.

BIOLOGY 2140 4 credits
Anatomy and Physiology I (Z)
Structure and function of the human body from a systematic approach including introductory information, cells and tissues, and the integumentary, musculoskeletal, nervous, sensory, and endocrine systems. Applications to health and physical education. P: Sophomore standing. GE: NS. F

BIOLOGY 2240 4 credits
Anatomy and Physiology II (Z)
Continued study of the structure and function of the human body including the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, lymphatic, urinary, and reproductive systems. Applications to health and physical education. P: BIOLOGY 2140 (grade of "C" or better required). GE: NS. S

BIOLOGY 2340 4 credits
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology (Z)
As a one semester offering, the course is designed to cover the essentials of human anatomy and physiology. It will serve as a basic introduction to the study of complex interdependence of structure and function from a systematic approach. All primary body systems will be addressed. GE: NS. Su

BIOLOGY 2440 4 credits
Morphology of the Plant Kingdom (B)
Structure, reproduction and systematics of major groups of algal, and all groups of non-vascular and vascular land plants. P: BIOLOGY 1350. Every even spring

BIOLOGY 2640 4 credits
Invertebrate Zoology (Z)
Systematic survey of the invertebrates. Both representative and diverse forms will be studied within each group. Includes animal microtechnique procedures. P: BIOLOGY 1450. On demand.

BIOLOGY 2730 3 credits
Vertebrate Zoology (Z, F)
systematic survey of the vertebrates, emphasizing their anatomy, behavior, ecology, evolution, physiology, and taxonomy. Lectures, laboratory, and extended field trip. P: BIOLOGY 1450. S

BIOLOGY 3030 3 credits
Ornithology (Z, F)
Anatomy, physiology, life histories, and environmental relationships of birds. Laboratory study and field trips. P: BIOLOGY 1450. S

BIOLOGY 3040 4 credits
Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates (Z)
Comparative studies of organs and systems of Vertebrata; includes laboratory dissections of shark, necturus, and cat. P: BIOLOGY 1450. Every odd spring.

BIOLOGY 3110 3 credits
Fresh Water Biology (G, F)
Examination of the physical components and biological communities of lakes, streams, and wetlands and the relationships between them. Integration of field work, scientific literature and laboratory analyses. P:BIOLOGY 1450, and CHEMSTRY 1050 or CHEMSTRY 1140. BIOLOGY 3430 strongly recommended. Every even fall.

BIOLOGY 3120 2 credits
Animal Tissue Culture (Z)
Preparation of equipment and environment. Growth and maintenance. Media considerations. Various types of culture methods. Applications. P: One college level biology and chemistry course or consent of instructor. S

BIOLOGY 3140 4 credits
Vertebrate Embryology (Z)
Lecture and laboratory study of amphibian, avian, and mammalian embryology. P: BIOLOGY 1450. An advanced vertebrate zoology course is recommended. Every other fall.

BIOLOGY 3240 4 credits
Microbiology (G)
Classification, morphology, physiology, and genetics of microbes; relation of bacteria to viruses; survey of bacteria found in the environment and their control; principles of immunity and diseases. P: BIOLOGY 1350 or BIOLOGY 1450 and CHEMSTRY 1140 or consent of instructor. F, S

BIOLOGY 3330 3 credits
Genetics (G)
Basic principles of inheritance and nature of the gene as related to function, mutation and recombination. P: BIOLOGY 1350 or BIOLOGY 1450. F, S

BIOLOGY 3340 4 credits
Entomology (Z, F)
Structure, classification, life histories, behavior, and economic aspects of insects. An insect collection is required. See instructor for insect collection by May 1. P: BIOLOGY 1450. Every odd fall.

BIOLOGY 3430 3 credits
General Ecology (G, F)
How organisms affect and are affected by the environments in which they live. Laboratory includes field analysis of physical and biological aspects of local communities. P: BIOLOGY 1350 or BIOLOGY 1450. F


BIOLOGY 3530 3 credits
Biotechnology (G)
Genetic elements that control gene expression. Procedures for creating and isolating cloned genes. Genetic engineering and uses for recombinant DNA. P: One college biology and chemistry course or consent of instructor. F

BIOLOGY 3540 4 credits
Mycology and Plant Pathology (B)
Taxonomy, morphology, physiology, and life cycles of the major groups of fungi; causes, symptoms, and control of plant diseases. Fungal collection required. P: BIOLOGY 1350. S

BIOLOGY 3620 2 credits
Immunology (Z)
The basic concepts of immunology. The normal and abnormal immune response. P: One college level biology and chemistry course. S

BIOLOGY 3630 3 credits
Field Zoology (Z, F)
This course examines how field zoologists study and sample different animals. Students will learn about field techniques, basic ecological principles, and lab procedures. P: BIOLOGY 1150 or BIOLOGY 1450. Every odd fall.

BIOLOGY 3640 4 credits
Plant Taxonomy (B, F)
The historical development of plant taxonomy; identification schemes and major families of the vascular plants. Field collection required. See instructor concerning plant collection by May 1. P: BIOLOGY 1350. Every even fall.

BIOLOGY 3730 3 credits
Evolution (G)
Consideration of the facts and theories of the origin and evolution of life. P: BIOLOGY 1150, or BIOLOGY 1350 or BIOLOGY 1450. BIOLOGY 3330 highly recommended. Every odd spring.

BIOLOGY 3920 2 credits
Electron Microscopy (G)
Basic techniques of transmission electron microscopy, specimen preparation, instrument use, darkroom procedures. A project is required. P: One college level biology and chemistry course or consent of instructor.

BIOLOGY 4010 1 credit
Workshop/Biology
Varying topics. Does not count toward major or minor in Biology or minor in Biotechnology.

BIOLOGY 4040 4 credits
Molecular Biology (G)
Detailed structural analysis of the biological molecules DNA, RNA, and proteins in relation to cellular processes. Exploration of experimental approaches that explain the molecular basis for all life activities. P: BIOLOGY 2040 and BIOLOGY 3330. S

BIOLOGY 4130 3 credits
Mammalian Endocrinology (Z)
(Cross-offered under AGSCI 4130)
The structural and functional classification of hormones, principles of hormone action, and the regulation of body functions by the endocrine system with emphasis on homeostasis. P: BIOLOGY 1450 and CHEMSTRY 1240 or AGSCI 4110. Every other odd spring.

BIOLOGY 4140 4 credits
Plant Anatomy (B)
Internal structure of vascular plants; emphasis on origin, structure, and function of organs. Includes microtechniques. P: BIOLOGY 1350. Consult Department.

BIOLOGY 4240 4 credits
Advanced Physiology (Z)
In depth study of physiologic processes from molecular to organismic level. Approached from a topical format, emphasizing recent advancements. P: BIOLOGY 1450, BIOLOGY 2240 or BIOLOGY 2340, and CHEMSTRY 1240. Every other even fall.

BIOLOGY 4340 4 credits
Mammalian Histology (Z)
The organization of cells and their products to form tissues and organs; morphological and functional comparisons of tissue organization of representatives from the class Mammalia. P: BIOLOGY 1450, BIOLOGY 2240 or BIOLOGY 2340. Every other even spring.

BIOLOGY 4410 1-3 credits
Topics in Biology
Presentations of biological events. P: BIOLOGY 1350 and BIOLOGY 1450. Up to two credits can be counted toward a biology major. Junior or senior standing.

BIOLOGY 4520 2 credits
Biotechnology Seminar
Selected topics from among recent advances in biotechnology. P: BIOLOGY 3530 or consent of instructor. S

BIOLOGY 4660 1-8 credits
Cooperative Field Experience
Enhancement of the educational experience through placement of a student with a cooperating agency, business, industry, or institution. The nature of the assignment, type of experience, number of credits, and evaluation procedure to be stipulated in a statement of agreement (learning contract) between the student and department. Does not count toward a major or a minor in biology. F, S, Su

BIOLOGY 4710 1-3 credits
Selected Regional Habitats (G, F)
Offers a first-hand introduction to the flora and fauna of selected unusual habitats in the form of an interim field trip. Up to three credits can be counted toward a biology major. P: BIOLOGY 1350 and BIOLOGY 1450.

BIOLOGY 4920 1-3 credits
Special Problems in Biology
Individual specialized study. P: Approval of the biology department chairperson and faculty advisor before registration. Up to two credits can be counted toward a biology major. Junior or senior standing. F, S, Su